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History of Roman Literature (1877), by Charles Thomas Cruttwell, M.A. (1877)

From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus Aurelius

From Charles Thomas Cruttwell

Roman and Greek Literature have their periods of study

  • Influence of each
  • Exactness of Latin language
  • Greek origin of Latin literature
  • Its three great periods:
    (1) The Ante-Classical Period; (2) The Golden Age; (3) The Decline.

Contents

Introduction | Book I | Book II | Book III | Chronological Table | Bibliography | Questions or Subjects for Essays

Book I

From Livius Andronicus to Sulla (240-80 B.C.).

Chapter I.

"On the Earliest Remains of the Latin Language."

Early inhabitants of Italy
Italic dialects
Latin
Latin alphabet
Later innovations
Pronunciation
Spelling
Early Monuments
Song of Fratres Arvales
Salian Hymn
Law of Romulus
Laws of Twelve Tables
Treaty between Rome and Carthage
"Columna Rastrata"
Epitaphs of the Scipios
"Senatus Consultum de Bacchanalibus"
Break-up of the language.

Appendix

Examples of late corrupted dialects

Chapter II.

"On the Beginnings of Roman Literature."

The Latin character
Romans a practical people
Their religion unromantic
Primitive culture of Latium
Germs of drama and epos
No early historians
Early speeches
Ballad literature
No early Roman epos
Poets despised
"Fescenninae"
"Saturae"
"Mime" or "Planipes"
"Atellanae"-Saturnian metre
Early interest in politics and law as giving the germs of oratory and jurisprudence.

Chapter III.

"The Introduction of Greek Literature
Livius and Naevius" (240-204 B.C.).


Introduction of Greek literature to Rome
Its first translators
Livius Andronicus
His translation of the "Odyssey", Tragedies, &c.
Cn. Naevius
Inventor of "Praetextae"
Style
A politician
Writer of the first national epic poem
His exile and death
Cicero's opinion of him
His epitaph.

Chapter IV.

"Roman Comedy - Plautus to Turpilius" (254-103 B.C.).

The Roman theatre
Plan of construction
Comedy
Related to Athenian Middle and New Comedy
Plautus
His plays
Their plots and style
"Palliatae" and "Togatae"
His metres
Caecilius
Admires Terence
Terence
His intimate friends
His style
Use of "contamination"
Lesser comedians.

Chapter V.

"Roman Tragedy: Ennius - Accius" (233-94 B.C.).

Contrast between Greek and Roman tragedy
Oratorical form of Latin tragedy
Ennius
The father of Roman poetry
His "humamitas"
Relations with Scipio
A follower of Pythagoras
His tragedies
Pacuvius
Painter and tragedian
Cicero's criticism of his "Niptra"
His epitaph
L. Accius
The last tragic writer
A reformer of spelling.

Appendix

On some fragments of Sueius or Suevius.

Chapter VI.

"Epic Poetry: Ennius - Furius" (200-100 B.C.).

Naevius and Ennius
Olympic deities and heroes of Roman story
Hexameter of Ennius
Its treatment
Matius
Hostius
Furius.

Chapter VII.

"The Early History of Satire: Ennius to Lucilius" (200-103 B.C.).

Roman satire a native growth
Origin of word "Saturae"
It is didactic
Not necessarily poetical in form
Ennius
Pacuvius
Lucilius
The objects of his attack
His popularity
His humility
His style and language.

Chapter VIII.

"The Minor Departments of Poetry
The Atellanae (Pomponius and Novius, circ. 90 B.C.) and the Epigram (Ennius
Callus, 100 B. C.)."

"Atellanae"
Oscan in origin
Novius
Pomponius
Mummius
Epigrammatists

Catulus
Porcius Licinius
Pompilius
Valerius Aedituus.

Chapter IX.

"Prose Literature - History. Fabius Pictor
Macer" (210-80 B.C.).

Early records
"Annales, Libri Lintei, Commentarii", &c.
Narrow view of history
Fabius
Cincius Alimentus
Cato
Creator of Latin prose
His orations
His "Origines"
His treatise on agriculture
His miscellaneous writings
"Catonis dicta"
Calpurnius Piso
Sempronius Asellio
Claudius Quadrigarius
Valerius Antias
Licinius Macer.

Appendix

On the "Annales Pontificum".

Chapter X.

"The History of Oratory before Cicero."

Comparison of English, Greek, and Roman oratory
Appius-Cornelius Cethegus
Cato
Laelius
The younger Scipio
Galba
Carbo
The Gracchi
Self-praise of ancient orators
Aemilius Scaurus
Rutilius
Catulus
A violent death often the fate of a Roman orator
M. Antonius
Crassus
The Roman law-courts
Bribery and corruption prevalent in them
Feelings and prejudices appealed to
Cotta and Sulpicius
Carbo the younger
Hortensius
His friendship for Cicero
Asiatic and Attic styles.

Chapter XI.

"Other kinds of Prose Literature: Grammar, Rhetoric, and Philosophy" (147-63 B.C.).

Legal writers
P. Mucius Scaevola
Q. Mucius Scaevola
Rhetoric
Plotius Gallus
Cornificius
Grammatical science
Aelius Stilo
Philosophy
Amafinius
Rabirius
Relation of philosophy to religion.

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