Genealogy of the First Gods

5th Century BC Greek Sculpture of Poseidon, Athena, Apollo, and Artemis

David Lees / Getty Images

The genealogy of the Greek gods is complicated. There was not one uniform story all the ancient Greeks and Romans believed. One poet could directly contradict another. Parts of stories don't make sense, seemingly happening in reverse order or contradicting something else that was just said.

You shouldn't throw up your hands in despair, though. Familiarity with the genealogy doesn't mean your branches always go in one direction or that your tree looks like the one your neighbor prunes. However, since the ancient Greeks traced their ancestry and that of their heroes to the deities, you should have at least a passing acquaintance with the lineages.

Further back in mythological time than even the gods and goddesses are their ancestors, the primordial powers.

Other pages in this series look at some of the genealogical relationships among the primordial powers and their other descendants (Chaos and Its Descendants, Titans' Descendants, and Descendants of the Sea). This page shows the generations referred to in the mythological genealogies.

Generation 0 - Chaos, Gaia, Eros, and Tartaros

In the beginning were primordial forces. Accounts differ as to how many there were, but Chaos was probably the first. The Ginnungagap of Norse mythology is similar to Chaos, a sort of nothingness, black hole, or chaotic, swirling disordered state of conflict. Gaia, the Earth, came next. Eros and Tartaros may also have sprung into existence at about the same time. This is not a numbered generation because these forces were not generated, born, created, or otherwise produced. Either they were always there or they materialized, but the idea of generation involves some sort of creation, so the forces of Chaos, the earth (Gaia), love (Eros), and Tartaros come before the first generation.

Generation 1

The earth (Gaia/Gaea) was the great mother, a creator. Gaia created and then mated with the heavens (Ouranos) and the sea (Pontos). She also produced but did not mate with the mountains.

Generation 2

From Gaia's union with the heavens (Ouranos/Uranus [Caelus]) came the Hecatonchires (hundred-handers; by name, Kottos, Briareos, and Gyes), the three cyclops/cyclopes (Brontes, Sterope, and Arges), and the Titans who numbered as follows:

  1. Kronos (Cronus)
  2. Rheia (Rhea)
  3. Kreios (Crius)
  4. Koios (Coeus)
  5. Phoibe (Phoebe],
  6. Okeanos (Oceanus],
  7. Tethys
  8. Hyperion
  9. Theia (Thea)
  10. Iapetos (Iapetus)
  11. Mnemosyne
  12. Themis

Generation 3

From the Titan pair Kronos and his sister, Rhea, came the first Olympian gods (Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, and Hestia).

Other Titans like Prometheus are also of this generation and cousins of these early Olympians.

Generation 4

From the mating of Zeus and Hera came:

  • Ares
  • Hebe the cup-bearer
  • Hephaestus
  • Eileithuia the goddess of childbirth

There are other, conflicting genealogies. For instance, Eros is also called the son of Iris, instead of the more conventional Aphrodite, or the primeval and uncreated force Eros; Hephaestus may have been born to Hera without aid of a male.

In case it is not completely clear where brothers marry sisters, Kronos (Cronos), Rheia (Rhea), Kreios, Koios, Phoibe (Phoebe), Okeanos (Oceanos), Tethys, Hyperion, Theia, Iapetos, Mnemosyne, and Themis are all offspring of Ouranos and Gaia. Likewise, Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, and Hestia are all offspring of Kronos and Rheia.

Sources

  • Timothy Gantz: Early Greek Myth
  • Hesiod Theogony, translated by Norman O. Brown
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Gill, N.S. "Genealogy of the First Gods." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/genealogy-of-the-first-gods-118715. Gill, N.S. (2023, April 5). Genealogy of the First Gods. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/genealogy-of-the-first-gods-118715 Gill, N.S. "Genealogy of the First Gods." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/genealogy-of-the-first-gods-118715 (accessed March 29, 2024).