This is a side note to First and Second Declension Adjectives:
Masculine first declension nouns require masculine adjectives. While today an agricola (farmer) may be feminine, in antiquity, a farmer, sailor, or pirate was assumed to be masculine, and so the first declension nouns that correspond with these English words are also masculine:
The good farmer would be:
In the familiar phrase: "Carthago delenda est," Carthage is a feminine noun and is modified by a feminine form of the passive periphrastic -- which includes an adjective ("delenda") and a form of the verb to be ("est").
Were we to translate "the pirate must be destroyed" into Latin, we could do it using the passive periphrastic in this way:
More Ancient / Classical History Quick Tips
- In Latin, nouns and adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case.
- Most, but not all nouns of the first declension are feminine.
Masculine first declension nouns require masculine adjectives. While today an agricola (farmer) may be feminine, in antiquity, a farmer, sailor, or pirate was assumed to be masculine, and so the first declension nouns that correspond with these English words are also masculine:
- agricola
- nauta
- pirata
The good farmer would be:
- agricola bonus
- nauta magnus
In the familiar phrase: "Carthago delenda est," Carthage is a feminine noun and is modified by a feminine form of the passive periphrastic -- which includes an adjective ("delenda") and a form of the verb to be ("est").
Were we to translate "the pirate must be destroyed" into Latin, we could do it using the passive periphrastic in this way:
- pirata delendus est.
- piratae delendi sunt

