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Latin Adjectives for Masculine 1st Declension Nouns

Agreement of adjectives and nouns in Latin

By N.S. Gill, About.com

This is a side note to First and Second Declension Adjectives:
  • In Latin, nouns and adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case.
  • Most, but not all nouns of the first declension are feminine.

Masculine first declension nouns require masculine adjectives. While today an agricola (farmer) may be feminine, in antiquity, a farmer, sailor, or pirate was assumed to be masculine, and so the first declension nouns that correspond with these English words are also masculine:
  • agricola
  • nauta
  • pirata
In order to modify the masculine agricola, nauta, or pirata, there must be masculine endings on the adjectives.
The good farmer would be:
    agricola bonus
The great sailor would be:
    nauta magnus

In the familiar phrase: "Carthago delenda est," Carthage is a feminine noun and is modified by a feminine form of the passive periphrastic -- which includes an adjective ("delenda") and a form of the verb to be ("est").
Were we to translate "the pirate must be destroyed" into Latin, we could do it using the passive periphrastic in this way:
    pirata delendus est.
We would probably want to say "pirates must be destroyed," in which case, we would need, not only a change of gender (delenda to delendus), but a change in number (singular to plural):
    piratae delendi sunt
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