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The Hellenistic philosopher Chrysippus was vital to the Stoic philosophy, but also contributed to propositional logic.

Antisthenes was a Cynic.

Anaxagoras was an Ionian philosopher who spent time in Athens with Euripides and Pericles who thought matter was once a single undifferentiated mass upon which mind worked.

Epictetus was a Stoic philosopher.

Diogenes Laertius may have been a philosopher himself, but his importance is in giving us details about the ancient Greek philosophers and their philosophies.

Andronicus of Rhodes was the eleventh scholarch of the Peripatetics. This is a short article from the 1911 Encyclopedia.

Demetrius of Phalerum was a Greek statesman and philosopher.

Eudoxus was a Greek philosopher responsible for astronomical innovations.

Aristarchus of Samos was an important astronomer with a lunar crater named for him.

Aspasia of Miletus was the very influential mistress of Pericles and a philosopher to the philosophers.

Ctesius was a Greek physician and historian who wrote 23 books on the history of Babylonia, Assyria, and the Persian Empire to 398 B.C. His sources were Persian archives. Based on what he heard at the court of the Persian king Artaxerxes II Mnemon from 404 to 398/7, Ctesius wrote a history of India.

Epictetus, the Stoic philosopher (influenced by Seneca) who, after obtaining his freedom, had to leave Rome.

The life and writing of the philosopher Epicurus, who lent his name to a school of philosophy popular in Rome and still today.

Eudoxus was an important mathematician who lived around the time of Plato and Aristotle.

Demetrius of Phalerum may have been an Athenian philosopher-king.