Ancient mummies from Peru and Egypt have been studied to determine what ailments the ancient people suffered and died from. Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) is among the diseases found.
According to Journal of Clinical Microbiology January 2003, p. 359-367, Vol. 41, No. 1, out of 85 mumies studied from upper class burials in Thebes West, Upper Egypt, between the Middle Kingdom (c. 2050 B.C.) and the Late Period (c. 500 B.C.), 25 showed signs of TB.
Scrofulous Mummies? from Australian Museum says that the Tuberculosis discovered in early mummies is a bovine form, showing that Tuberculosis has accompanied mankind since it started domesticating cattle.
A 2001 article on (http://www.pcipr.com/rsna/news/mummies.asp) Peruvian Mummies says that X-rays of 205 Peruvian mummies reveal spine and lung damage suggesting Arthritis and Tuberculosis. Six percent of the mummies that were in condition to be examined showed signs of Tuberculosis. The surprise in this data was that the mummies predate the Spanish conquistadors thought to have brought TB from the Old World to the New.

