The Sumerian city-states and the neighboring Semitic Akkadians reached from the Persian Gulf to modern Baghdad. They fought frequently, but also advanced culture. They developed metallurgy so they could offer skilled products for trade with areas richer in natural resources. They made ziggurat temples, developed cities and the practice of kingship, which you probably already know if you play Civilization. They even made a list of their kings with dates and some biographical detail. By about 1900 B.C., they were eclipsed in power by people from the east, like the Amorites, another Semitic group, and by the 18th century, the area was Babylonian.
Major Countries of the Ancient Near East
By N.S. Gill, About.com Guide
1 of 10
Prev Next
Ancient Sumer
Cuneiform tablet c. 2400 B.C., from the Kirkor Minassian collection, Library of Congress.
Library of Congress
At the Asian end of the fertile crescent, Sumer was located in what is now southern Iraq, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers -- Mesopotamia. Of uncertain origin, the Sumerians may have arrived on the scene in about 4000 B.C. They joined the (pre-)Akkadians, who took their name from the not yet located city of Akkad. Making the most of their abundant natural resource, clay, the Sumerians invented the system of writing known as cuneiform.
Prev
- Ancient Sumer
- Ancient Babylonia
- Ancient Assyria
- Ancient Judaea (Judah)
- Ancient Persia
- Ancient Lebanon
- Ancient Egypt
- Ancient Syria
- Ancient Anatolia
- Map of the Fertile Crescent
More Ancient Civilization Tours
More on the Ancient Near East
More on the Ancient Near East
Explore Ancient / Classical History
Must Reads
About.com Special Features
A Smarter Future
Tips that will help finance your education, excel in the classroom, and advance your career. More >
How to Ace the GRE
Being well prepared is the first step; here are more essential suggestions. More >
©2009 About.com, a part of The New York Times Company.
All rights reserved.