Ancient Near East - Science, Math, and Technology

Babylonian Mathematics (6)

The History of Plumbing - Babylonia

5000-8000 years ago there were irrigation systems and personal bathrooms with toilets. Plumbers used clay mixed with straw at first, then added copper, bronze, lead, and bitumen.

Symbolic Counting Tokens from the Early Near East

Photo of clay counters used from 9000 - 1500 BC described as the first system of signs used for transmitting information.

Preclassical and Classical Science

Comments on the sophistication of the systems of thinking and ordering numbers in various ancient cultures.