The history of Republican Rome from the end of Monarchy (510 B.C.) to the aftermath of Julius Caesar's assassination, including the Punic Wars.
End of the Republic Timeline - Chronology of events leading to the fall of the Republic and rise of the Empire.
Examples of laws in the 12 Tablets.
The Roman government in the time of the seven kings, and the Republican and Imperial periods of Rome, with links to lists showing the heads of state in each era.
AUC stands for ab urbe condita.
Phoenicians from Tyre (Lebanon) founded Carthage, an ancient city-state in the area that is modern Tunisia. Carthage became a major economic and political power in the Mediterranean fighting over territory in Sicily with the Greeks and Romans.
The 3-fold functions of the censors were 1. to register citizens and their property, 2. superintend new buildings and public works, and 3. preserve the public morality.
Table showing the patrician and plebeian censors of the Roman Republic.
Major Wars during the Roman Republic.
Resources on the end of the Republic of Rome, the turblent period from the Gracchi to the elevation of Octavian (Augustus).
An introductory look at how Rome became master of the Italic peninsula during the Roman Republic.
Rome didn't initially set up to conquer the world, but gradually did so anyway. A side effect of its empire-building was the reduction of Republican Rome's democratic policies.
Part of Roman expansion into the Italic peninsula was the creation of Treaties
The richest of the three men in the first triumvirate, Crassus died while fighting the Parthians.
Timeline of events in Caesar's life from 100-44 B.C.
At the beginning of the 5th century B.C., shortly after the expulsion of the Roman kings, the Romans claim to have won a battle at Lake Regillus that Livy describes in Book II of his history.
Livy's second book is begins with the period after the kings' expulsion.
The Romans fought four Macedonian Wars between 215 and 148 B.C.
In 48 B.C. Julius Caesar faced Pompey in a decisive battle named Pharsalus for the location.
In the first few decades following the expulsion of the last king, the plebeians (the Roman lower class) had to create ways of dealing with problems caused by the patricians (the ruling upper class), poverty, occasional famine, and their own lack of political clout. They set up their own separate, plebeian assemblies, and seceded.
Gradual admission of plebeians to places in the magisterial hierarchy (quaestor, aedile, praetor), and acceptance of them by the patricians in the family and the legal system.
Adrian Goldsworthy's
Roman Warfare is an excellent introduction to how the Romans used their soldiers to become a world power. It also covers techniques and the organization of the legions.
This article looks at events leading to the laws referred to as the 12 Tablets that were codified in 449 B.C
During the three Samnite Wars, the Samnites and Romans fought for control of Italy during the third and fourth century B.C.
The magistrates, judges and priests of the new republic all came from the patrician, or upper class. Unlike the patricians, the plebeians may have suffered under this early republican structure more than they had under monarchy, since they now had, in effect, many rulers.
To Be a Roman, by Margaret A. Brucia and Gregory N. Daugherty, is designed for young students, especially those beginning Latin, so that they will have the background for what they will soon be translating. It's better than that, though, since it provides a thorough overview of those aspects of Roman daily life that anyone would be interested in.
The cities of Veii and Rome (in what is modern Italy) were centralized city-states by the fifth century B.C. For political as well as economic reasons, both wanted control of the routes along the valley of the Tiber.
The Etruscans exerted a heavy influence on early Rome, contributing to the line of Roman kings with the Tarquins. The dominance of the Etruscans ended with the Roman sack of Veii in 396 B.C. The final stage in the conquest of the Etruscans was when the Volsinii were destroyed in 264 B.C.
