Chronology of Important Events
3rd century B.C. - Iron weapons in use; Xiongnu invasion of China repulsed
2d-1st centuries B.C. - Nomads expand west; pressure on China continues
1st-2d centuries A.D. - Renewed attacks on China
A.D. 317 - Xianbei conquer northern China
386-533 -
Period of Northern Wei Dynasty, established by the Toba in
northern China mid-8th century
Possible early Mongol links with Tibetan Buddhism
916-1125 - Period of Kitan Liao Dynasty, established over eastern Mongolia, Manchuria, and northern China
1038-1227 - Tangut Western Xia Dynasty, established in northwestern China
1115-1234 - Jurchen establish Jin Dynasty in Manchuria, northern China
1139-47 - Jurchen defeat Mongols in Pamirs
1196-1206 - Temujin unites Mongols, assumes title of Chinggis Khan
1209-15 - Mongols conquer south to Beijing, west to Lake Balkash
1220-26 - Southwest Asia conquered; invasion of Europe and China
1227 - Chinggis dies
1231 - Korea invaded
1235 - Capital rebuilt at Karakorum
1237-41 - Expedition into Europe that was halted at Vienna with death of Ogedei
1240-1480 - Suzerainty over Russia established by Golden Horde Conquest of Song China
1260 - Mongols defeated by Egyptian Mamluks
1261 - Khubilai becomes great khan
1274 and 1281 - Unsuccessful attempts at invasion of Japan
1279 - Yuan Dynasty established in China
1368 - Yuan Dynasty destroyed; Mongols driven back into Mongolia
1388 - Chinese troops destroy Karakorum
1391 - Timur defeats Golden Horde
1400-54 - Civil war ends Mongol unity
1409-49 - Renewed Mongol invasions of China
1466 - Dayan Khan reunites most of Mongolia
1480-1502 - Muscovites end Mongol control of Russia; last of Golden Horde defeated
1571 - Mongols end 300-year war with China
1586 - Buddhism becomes state religion
1641-52 - Russians defeat Buryat Mongols, gain control of Lake Baykal region
1672 - Mongols raid Siberia and Russia
1691 - Most Khalkha Mongols accept suzerainty of Manchus, absorbed into Chinese empire (Qing Dyansty 1644-1911)
1728 - Sino-Russian Treaty of Kyakhta redefines traditional Mongolian borders
1732 - Dzungar Mongols defeated; Mongol independence ended
1750s - Chinese divide Mongolia into northern, Outer Mongolia (see Glossary), and Southern, Inner Mongolia (see Glossary)
1783 - Last reigning descendant of Chinggis in the Crimea deposed by Russians
Next Page: 20th Century Mongolia
LOC Mongolia
Sequence of LOC articles:
Historical Setting
-
Early Development, ca. 220 B.C.-A.D. 1206
Origins of the Mongols
Xiongnu and Yuezhi
Donghu, Toba, and Ruruan
Rise of the Türk
Influence of Tang China
Kitan and Jurchen
GLOSSARY
Inner Mongolia
The southern part of traditional Mongolia; during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), comprised the provinces of Suiyuan, Qahar, and Rehol; the present-day Nei Monggol Autonomous Region of China (Outer Mongolia, q.v.).
Outer Mongolia
The name applied to the northern part of traditional Mongolia during the period of Manchu control (1691-1911) and commonly in Western literature thereafter.
