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Ancient / Classical History: Most Popular Articles

These articles are the most popular over the last month.
I.E. vs. E.G.
When do you use the common abbreviations i.e., and when do you use e.g., and what do they mean?
Major Gods and Goddesses of the World
Learn about the world's major gods and goddesses of love, war, childbirth, food, music, mischief, and all sorts of human-seeming foibles.
Roman and Greek Gods
Roman and Greek names for the Olympians and the minor gods and goddesses.
Fall of Rome
Read about some of the reasons for the Fall of Rome (or the decline of the Roman Empire) and the rationale behind the dates. There are many theories for the fall, some more, some less reasonable. You get to judge which is the best.
Beware the Ides of March!
The Ides of March was just another date on the Roman calendar until the fateful day in 44 B.C. when Julius Caesar was assassinated.
10 Plagues of Egypt
List of the ten plagues of Egypt.
Apollo
Learn about Apollo, a very popular Greek and Roman god, his passions, gifts to mankind, and association with the sun. Also learn about Apollo's application in modern culture.
Which Greek Goddess Are You?
Which Greek Goddess Are You? Take this quiz to determine if you're a goddess of love or war or something
Sun Gods and Sun Goddesses
An index of the sun gods from various ancient religions.
Greek Goddess Athena
Athena was the Greek goddess of wisdom also known as Pallas Athena. In ancient Rome, Athena was known as the Roman goddess Minerva.
Ten Plagues
About the 10 plagues in Egypt.
Hades
Hades is the Greek god of the Underworld.
Poseidon
Poseidon is a Greek god of the sea.
Cleopatra Study Guide
Lear these important to know facts about Cleopatra, queen of ancient Egypt.
Olympic Games Profile
Learn more about the Olympic games with this profile (1) showing that the games were religious events honoring Zeus at Olympia, which, over time, became more strictly athletic competitions, (2) explaining the location of the events, the types of competition, the restrictions on entry, the sacred truce, and (3) the origins of the games.
Greek Heroes
Here are the major heroes of Greek legend. Two of them (Odysseus and Achilles) are from the Trojan War. The others were involved in adventures.
Cerberus
Cerberus was the 3-headed hound of Hades.
12 Olympians on Mount Olympus
Basic information on the Olympians of Greek Mythology.
Julius Caesar Study Guide
Important facts about Julius Caesar
The Greek God Zeus
Zeus is the name of the Greek king of the Gods, the equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter, a sky god.
War Gods and Goddesses
A list of war gods and goddesses from the mythology of the world.
Fast Facts About Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is the land between the Tigris River and the Euphrates River. Here are some fast facts about ancient Mesopotamia.
Ares God of War
Ares was a Greek god of war and homicide.
12 Tribes
What are the 12 tribes of Israel?
Ancient Olympic Games
These were the events athletes competed in for the ancient Olympics.
Prometheus
Introduction to Greek Mythology. The importance of Prometheus the fire-bringer and benefactor of mankind.
Which Greek Hero Are You?
Which Greek Hero Are You? Take this quiz to determine which Greek hero you really are. You may discover
Moon Gods
Gods and goddess of the moons came in male and female forms. An alphabetical list of deities or personifications of the moon.
Leonidas
Leonidas was a king of Sparta who led a suicide mission against the Persians at Thermopylae during the Persian Wars.
Achilles
Achilles was considered the greatest Greek hero of the Trojan War.
Alexander Study Guide
Thirteen facts to know about Alexander the Great.
Hera
The goddess Hera was the queen of the Greek gods, sister and wife of Zeus and goddess of marriage. Hera is described as a jealous goddess.
Mt. Vesuvius
Mt. Vesuvius is a volcano in Campania, near Naples, Italy, whose eruption in A.D. 79 destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Aphrodite
Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love and beauty. Aphrodite was known Venus in Rome was a major goddess in ancient Greek mythology and in the Roman Vergil's Aeneid.
Spartacus
The revolt of the slaves led by Spartacus the gladiator put a strain on Rome, but built up the heroic legend about its leader. Learn about the Roman failed attempts to stop the revolt and what actually led to Spartacus' downfall.
Cleopatra
Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, Cleopatra VII, the historical queen and last pharaoh of Egypt. The story of Queen Cleopatra has been retold in countless stories, plays, and movies.
Latin Quotes
Latin quotes for various occasions with translations, plus a few Greek quotes.
Roman Burial Practices
Romans burial practices included inhumation and cremation at different times in their history.
Why Did Rome Fall
Common theories or reasons for the fall of rome.
Attila the Hun
A barbarian to the Romans, Attila, a fierce warrior and king of the horse-riding Huns, harassed the Roman Empire during the fifth century and put the fear of god in all the peoples in his way.
Ancient Greek Geography
Basic information on the geography of ancient Greece.
Myths and Legends
Introduction to Greek Mythology. Myths and legends.
Andromeda
Andromeda was rescued by Perseus, married him, produced numerous children and was transformed into a constellation.
Pandora's Box
A brief version of the story of Pandora's Box
The Trojan War
What happened during the Trojan War and the Iliad of Homer, from the theft by Paris of Helen of Troy.
Dionysus
Dionysus is the Greek god of wine and ecstacy.
Pericles
Pericles was the leader of Athens at the time of the building of the Parthenon and the Peloponnesian War.
Babylonian Gods and Goddesses
Babylonian Gods and Goddesses
Nymphs
Names and categories of nymphs in Greek mythology.
Titans
The Titans of Greek mythology were the twelve children of Gaia and Uranus.
Demeter
Demeter Greek Goddess
ASCII Greek Letters
Here are the ASCII codes for the upper and lower case letters of the Greek alphabet so you can insert them in HTML documents.
Love Goddesses
Here are the top fertility and love goddesses of ancient mythology.
The Goddess Venus
Aspects of the goddess of love, the goddess Venus, the Roman Aphrodite.
Battle of Thermopylae
Date and very brief description of the Persian War Battle of Thermopylae at which the Spartans, under Leonidas, fought bravely to their death.
Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
Basic information on the main gods and goddesses in Egyptian mythology.
Zeus
Fast facts about the Olympian god Zeus.
Roman Meals
Do you think the Romans were the original bulimics with a vomitorium in every household? It may surprise you to learn most Romans ate modestly. Learn more about the Romans' foods and their diet.
Gladiators
Roman gladiators were a major source of entertainment for Romans during the Roman Empire.
Latin Verb Tenses
Latin tenses for Latin verbs in the Indicative.
Ancient Warriors
List of the greatest warriors in the ancient world.
Sword of Damocles
The Sword of Damocles was described by Cicero in his Tusculan Disputations.
Hephaestus
Hephaestus was the craftsman god of Greek mythology.
Norse Gods and Goddesses
Short notes on individual Norse gods and goddesses in Norse mythology.
Maps of Ancient Greece
A collection of maps showing features of ancient Greece.
Worst Roman Emperors
My list of the worst Roman emperors.
Cronos
Cronos was a Greek god, or rather the Titan father of the Olympian gods and goddesses.
Odyssey Book X Quiz
Odyssey Book X Quiz Sorry, but this quiz requires that you have javascript turned on. Please turn javascript
Odyssey Paintings
Odysseus has been warned about the Sirens and knows that they are dangerous, so his men put wax in their ears, but Odysseus is tied to a mast.
Latin Verbs Infinitives
Latin Verb Infinitives
Plato
What you should know about the Greek philosopher Plato.
Persian Empire Map
Map of the extent of Persian in 490 B.C.
Constantine
Constantine the Great of Constantine I was the first Christian emperor of the the Roman Empire.
Moses
Moses, the recipient of the Ten Commandments in the Bible, and a Hebrew prophet, was the leader of the Hebrew people when they left Egypt and wandered in the wilderness during the Biblical Exodus.
Odyssey Book VII Quiz
Odyssey Book VII Quiz Sorry, but this quiz requires that you have javascript turned on. Please turn javascript
Psyche's 4 Tasks
The 4 tasks of Psyche
Cardinal Latin Numbers
Latin cardinal numbers
Roman Empire Map
Map of the Roman Empire.
Nebuchadnezzar
Nebuchadnezzar restored old religious monuments and improved canals as other Babylonian kings did, but Nebuchadnezzar is best known for his Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Ares - Greek War God Ares
In Greek Mythology, Ares is the god of war. Ares is known as Mars by the Romans.
Why Study Latin?
Why Your Kids Should Learn Latin. If you want the best for your kids, if you want them to do well on their SATs and if you want them to understand English grammar, teach them Latin.
Alexander the Great
Facts about Alexander the Great.
Thumbs Up
The editor of a gladiatorial match decided who lived and who died in the arena, although he usually paid some attention to the cries of the crowds and the gestures for mercy of the gladiators.
Cyclops
The Cyclops were represented as one-eyed giants in Greek mythology.
Circus Maximus
The Circus Maximus was the first and the biggest circus in Ancient Rome.
Aeneid VI: Hades Realm
Aeneas crosses over into the Underworld where he goes sightseeing in the Elysian and Mourning Fields, the area of the innocents, and Tartarus.
Ancient Maps
Learn your way around the ancient world by following these maps. Notice that modern borders separating countries and even continents are mostly very different.
Iliad Outline
Iliad - Outline of the Iliad. What happens in each of the 24 books of the Iliad by Homer.
Phoenix
The phoenix was an Egyptian bird. The story is that it died and was reborn.
Hermes Greek God
Information on Hermes, the Greek god.
Perseus
Perseus was a Greek hero known for the slaying of the Gorgon Medusa, whose head with its snaky locks, turned men to stone.
Artemis
Artemis was the Greek goddess of the hunt.
3 Branches of Government
The Roman Republican form of government had three branches, the consul, the senate, and the assembly, and these three branches of Republican Rome meant that there were elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy in the Roman Republican form of government.
Gods Place Index
List of ancient gods and goddesses by Culture.
Myths Featuring Hades
Myths about the Greek god Hades involving Heracles (Hercules), Persephone, and Theseus.
Greek Muses
The nine muses (Calliope, Urania, Euterpe, Thalia, Inspiration, Melpomene, Erato, Mnemosyne, Clio, Terpsichore, and Polymnia), their provinces and attributes.
Eras of Ancient Jewish History
Timeline of Jewish history from the time of Abraham until roughly the time of Jesus.
Roman Legionary Castra
The familiar castle popular in medieval history has an ancient origin, but especially from the defensive housing of Roman legions.
Ancient Persia Introduction
Introduction to Ancient Persia and the Persian Empire.
Odyssey Book XIX Quiz
Odyssey Book XIX Quiz Sorry, but this quiz requires that you have javascript turned on. Please turn javascript
Mithra - Persian Mythology - Mithra the Zoroastrian God
Mithra in Persian mythology.: god mithra god mithras ahura mazda sol invictus unconquered sun
Ancient/Classical History Quiz: Odyssey Book XII
Ancient/Classical History Quiz: Odyssey Book XII: ancient classical history odyssey book history quiz games
Ancient/Classical History Quiz: Odyssey Book XIII
Ancient/Classical History Quiz: Odyssey Book XIII: ancient classical history odyssey book book xiii history quiz challenges
Latin Translation
Latin translation is a skill that takes years to develop and there is not an easy way to shortcut it, but these suggestions may be of some help.
Swastika
The swastika is actually an ancient symbol, but its origin is unclear, as these forum posters explain.
Roman Forum
Plan of the Roman Forum and its Vicinity at the Time of the Republic
The Many Wives of David in the Bible
The many wives of King David in the Bible played important roles in the history of Israel. Through their relationships, David's wives brought him political alliances and material wealth, as well as 19 sons and one daughter. Three of David's wives were especially significant to Israel's history. They are Michal, Abigail and Bathsheba.
Ancient Mesopotamian Religion
The beginning of religion and the development of gods and goddesses in ancient Mesopotamian
Greece vs. Rome
Some basic comparisons between ancient Rome and ancient Greece, more specifically, ancient Athens.
Roman Army
The Roman army developed from the Greek form to a superlative fighting machine that conquered much of the known world.
Hebrew and Biblical Names
It's important to know the meaning and significance of Biblical and Hebrew names before you give one to your child. Here are resources especially for people in the process of finding a name for their newborn.
Caesar and the Triumvirate
Julius Caesar and his rise to power in the Roman Republic and the relationship between Caesar and Sulla. Also, Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus as the First Triumvirate.
Proverbs in Pictures
Pictures showing the sword of Damocles and an explanation of the term, and the fox and the sour grapes.
Greek Gods
Here are the eight main gods of Greek mythology. Learn about their main powers and attributes.
Latin Verb "To Be" - Sum
The paradigm for the conjugation of the Latin irregular verb for to be -- sum.
Hadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall was built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian to keep the 'barbarian' Picts from Scotland out of Roman Britain.
Odyssey Book XXI Quiz
Odyssey Book XXI Quiz Sorry, but this quiz requires that you have javascript turned on. Please turn javascript
Cleopatra Queen of Egypt
The name Cleopatra Queen of Egypt has often been used to mean a seductive beautiful woman, but Cleopatra may not have been beautiful at all.
Ancient/Classical History Quiz: Odyssey Book XX
Ancient/Classical History Quiz: Odyssey Book XX: ancient classical history odyssey book history quiz challenges
Roman Baths and Hygiene
Roman Baths and Hygiene in Ancient Rome. Hygiene in ancient Rome included baths, toiletss, cleansers, access to facilities, and high standards of cleanliness.
Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent is a name for a relatively fertile arc-shaped area by the Mediterranean which covers Biblical lands, the Tigris and Euphrates, and the Nile Valley.
Odysseus
Odysseus, son of Laertes and Anticlea, daughter of Autolycus, husband of Penelope (Tyndareos' niece) and father of Telemachus, fought in the Trojan War and came up with the idea of the wooden horse, and then returned home by an adventure-filled circuitous route that took ten years.
Who Was Hercules?
Hercules is such a popular figure from Greek mythology that you have undoubtedly heard of him or seen him in movies or on the television. If you want to know the basic facts and events of his life, here is the basic information the media uses to portray the demigod.
Caesar Timeline
A timeline of events in the life of the Roman leader Julius Caesar.
Roman Forum
The Roman forum or Forum Romanum, by the Capitoline Hill, was the center of life in ancient Rome.
Happy Birthday - Latin
In Latin, words that mean may it be a happy birthday would convey the message of Happy Birthday.
Peloponnesian War Causes
A look at the causes and sequences of events leading up to the Peloponnesian War.
Latin Pronouns
Table of the declensions of common Latin pronouns.
3rd Declension Endings
The endings on Latin nouns of the Third declension.
Ancient Chinese Dynasties
These are the dynasties of ancient China.
Gladiator Weapons
What armor and weapons the gladiators used for fighting.
Greek Scientists
Read about the important inventions attributed to early Greek scientists. This list is in chronological order.
Paul of Tarsus
Paul of Tarsus was a Jew who had Roman citizenship and tried to stamp out Christianity until he had a vision on the Road to Damascus.
Philosophers Timeline
Timeline of Greek and Roman Philosophers.
Asia Minor
Asia Minor under the Greeks and Romans
Ancient History Timeline
Time line of major events in the ancient history of the world. Most dates and events on the ancient history timeline are of political importance.
Roman Terms Glossary
An A to Z glossary of Roman terms.
Pentecost
Pentecost is the name of a religious holiday in both Judaism and Christianity.
Persian Wars
Timeline of the battles and chronology of the Persian Wars between Greece and Darius and Xerxes of Persia.
Women at the Olympic Games
Ideas on why there were no women participants in the Ancient Olympic Games.
Four Humors
The Hippocratic corpus made an advance on earlier medicine although its methods may now seem barbaric. Here is a look at the major terms connected with the Hippocratic method and especially the medical use of the theory of the four humors.
Greek Government
Ancient Greek government varied from place to place and time to time.
Odyssey Book VIII Quiz
Odyssey Book VIII Quiz Sorry, but this quiz requires that you have javascript turned on. Please turn
Central Asia
Ancient Central Asia was a broad, ill-defined swath between the Roman and Chinese Empires.
Asia Minor Maps
Asia Minor Maps
Roman Gods and Goddesses
Roman Gods and Roman Goddesses - compiled by Gregory Flood.
Important Ancient People
Here are my selections for the most important names in ancient history. This list excludes people whose existence is disputed by most classical scholars.
Homer
Homer is the most important figure in the literature of the Greeks and Romans, and one of the most important writers in the history of the world.
Cleopatra Timeline
Events in the life of the last pharaoh of Egypt, Cleopatra VII.
Anubis
Anubis - Egyptian God Anubis

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