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Ancient / Classical History: Most Popular Articles

These articles are the most popular over the last month.
I.E. vs. E.G.
When do you use the common abbreviations i.e., and when do you use e.g., and what do they mean?
Roman and Greek Gods
Roman and Greek names for the Olympians and the minor gods and goddesses.
Major Gods and Goddesses of the World
Learn about the world's major gods and goddesses of love, war, childbirth, food, music, mischief, and all sorts of human-seeming foibles.
Greek Gods
Here are the eight main gods of Greek mythology. Learn about their main powers and attributes.
Demosthenes
Demosthenes was a famous Greek orator known for writing the Phillipics.
Spartacus
The revolt of the slaves led by Spartacus the gladiator put a strain on Rome, but built up the heroic legend about its leader. Learn about the Roman failed attempts to stop the revolt and what actually led to Spartacus' downfall.
The Fall of Rome
Read about some of the reasons for the Fall of Rome (or the decline of the Roman Empire) and the rationale behind the dates. There are many theories for the fall, some more, some less reasonable. You get to judge which is the best.
Greek Heroes
Here are the major heroes of Greek legend. Two of them (Odysseus and Achilles) are from the Trojan War. The others were involved in adventures.
Which Greek Goddess Are You?
egyptian gods and goddesses, greek gods and goddesses, greek goddess, greek hero, mt olympus, roman gods, goddess of love, nymphs, quiz
List of the Biblical 10 Plague
List of the ten plagues of Egypt.
Apollo
Learn about Apollo, a very popular Greek and Roman god, his passions, gifts to mankind, and association with the sun. Also learn about Apollo's application in modern culture.
Hades
Hades is the Greek god of the Underworld.
Sun Gods and Sun Goddesses
An index of the sun gods from various ancient religions.
Aphrodite
Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love and beauty. Aphrodite was known Venus in Rome was a major goddess in ancient Greek mythology and in the Roman Vergil's Aeneid.
Poseidon
Poseidon is a Greek god of the sea.
Ares God of War
Ares was a Greek god of war and homicide.
Greek Goddess Athena
Athena was the Greek goddess of wisdom also known as Pallas Athena. In ancient Rome, Athena was known as the Roman goddess Minerva.
Julius Caesar Study Guide
Learn a dozen important facts about Julius Caesar.
The Greek God Zeus
Zeus is the name of the Greek king of the Gods, the equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter, a sky god.
Hera
The goddess Hera was the queen of the Greek gods, sister and wife of Zeus and goddess of marriage. Hera is described as a jealous goddess.
Pandora's Box
A brief version of the story of Pandora's Box
Cleopatra
Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt was an historical queen and last pharaoh of Egypt whose story has been retold in countless stories, plays, and movies.
What Were the 10 Plagues in Eg
Learn the context of the famous 10 plagues in Egypt that led to the Biblical Exodus.
Greek Goddesses
List of the major Greek goddesses in Greek mythology.
Achilles
Achilles was considered the greatest Greek hero of the Trojan War.
War Gods and Goddesses
A list of war gods and goddesses from the mythology of the world.
Leonidas
Leonidas was a king of Sparta who led a suicide mission against the Persians at Thermopylae during the Persian Wars.
12 Olympians - The Gods and Go
Basic information on the Olympians of Greek Mythology.
Which Greek Hero Are You?
Take this little quiz to see which major ancient hero you are most like. Just don't take it too seriously.
Moon Gods
Gods and goddess of the moons came in male and female forms. An alphabetical list of deities or personifications of the moon.
Demeter
Demeter Greek Goddess
Sword of Damocles
The Sword of Damocles was described by the Roman orator Cicero in his 'Tusculan Disputations'. Here's my explanation of the proverbial expression.
Cleopatra Study Guide
Lear these important to know facts about Cleopatra, queen of ancient Egypt.
Alexander Study Guide
Thirteen facts to know about Alexander the Great.
Roman Gods and Goddesses
A list of Roman gods and goddesses, compiled by Gregory Flood.
Dionysus
Dionysus is the Greek god of wine and ecstacy.
12 Tribes
What are the 12 tribes of Israel?
The Book of Ruth
Highlights of the Book of Ruth
Why Did Rome Fall
Common theories or reasons for the fall of rome.
Zeus
Fast facts about the Olympian god Zeus.
Constantine
Constantine the Great of Constantine I was the first Christian emperor of the the Roman Empire.
Deborah
A look at how the Bible portrays Deborah as a wise and courageous judge of Israel.
Hermes Greek God
Information on Hermes, the Greek god.
Battle of Thermopylae
Date and very brief description of the Persian War Battle of Thermopylae at which the Spartans, under Leonidas, fought bravely to their death.
Moses
Moses, the recipient of the Ten Commandments in the Bible, and a Hebrew prophet, was the leader of the Hebrew people when they left Egypt and wandered in the wilderness during the Biblical Exodus.
Gladiators
Fighting in the arena for the entertainment of the population of the Roman Empire, gladiators were well-trained slaves, usually.
Myths and Legends
Introduction to Greek Mythology. Myths and legends.
Perseus
Perseus was a Greek hero known for the slaying of the Gorgon Medusa, whose head with its snaky locks, turned men to stone.
Cronos
Basic information on the titan or Greek god Cronos who was the father of the Olympian gods and goddesses.
Roman Meals
Do you think the Romans were the original bulimics with a vomitorium in every household? It may surprise you to learn most Romans ate modestly. Learn more about the Romans' foods and their diet.
Mt. Vesuvius
Mt. Vesuvius is a volcano in Campania, near Naples, Italy, whose eruption in A.D. 79 destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Attila the Hun
A barbarian to the Romans, Attila, a fierce warrior and king of the horse-riding Huns, harassed the Roman Empire during the fifth century and put the fear of god in all the peoples in his way.
The Many Wives of David in the Bible
The many wives of King David in the Bible played important roles in the history of Israel. Through their relationships, David's wives brought him political alliances and material wealth, as well as 19 sons and one daughter. Three of David's wives were especially significant to Israel's history. They are Michal, Abigail and Bathsheba.
Fall of Rome Timeline
A timeline showing a chronological list of only major events leading to the fall of Rome.
Fast Facts About Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is the land between the Tigris River and the Euphrates River. Here are some fast facts about ancient Mesopotamia.
Worst Roman Emperors
My list of the worst Roman emperors.
The Goddess Venus
Aspects of the goddess of love, the goddess Venus, the Roman Aphrodite.
Ancient Chinese Dynasties
These are the dynasties of ancient China.
Norse Mythology
Background information on Norse mythology. This section is on the Aesir and Vanir gods and goddesses.
Latin Quotes
Latin quotes for various occasions with translations, plus a few Greek quotes.
Artemis
Artemis was the Greek goddess of the hunt.
Love Goddesses
Here are the top fertility and love goddesses of ancient mythology.
Color List Latin / English
Words for colors in Latin.
ASCII Greek Letters
Here are the ASCII codes for the upper and lower case letters of the Greek alphabet so you can insert them in HTML documents.
Hannibal 247? -183? B.C.
Hannibal (Hannibal Barca) was the military leader of Carthage in the Second Punic War.
5 Accomplishments of Julius Caesar
Read about five of the deeds and accomplishments of the great Julius Caesar.
Who Was Hercules?
Hercules is such a popular figure from Greek mythology that you have undoubtedly heard of him or seen him in movies or on the television. If you want to know the basic facts and events of his life, here is the basic information the media uses to portray the demigod.
Pericles
Pericles was the leader of Athens at the time of the building of the Parthenon and the Peloponnesian War.
Abigail and David - Abigail Wa
Most scholars think of Abigail as King David's wisest wife. By deflecting David's anger toward her first husband, Nabal, for refusing to give David and his men supplies, Abigail both saved her own household and kept David from a serious tactical error of murdering Nabal. Captivated by her beauty and wisdom, David wastes no time in marrying Abigail when her first husband dies. Abigail and David shared many characteristics that made Abigail the comrade that David needed for success.
Fall of Rome
The Fall of Rome and the End of the Roman Empire in the west. Articles on the effects of certain emperors and barbarians on the fall of the Rome.
Ancient Greek Geography
Basic information on the geography of ancient Greece.
Greek Muses
The nine muses (Calliope, Urania, Euterpe, Thalia, Inspiration, Melpomene, Erato, Mnemosyne, Clio, Terpsichore, and Polymnia), their provinces and attributes.
Greek Scientists
Read about the important inventions attributed to early Greek scientists. This list is in chronological order.
Hephaestus
Hephaestus was the craftsman god of Greek mythology.
Nebuchadnezzar
Nebuchadnezzar restored old religious monuments and improved canals as other Babylonian kings did, but Nebuchadnezzar is best known for his Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Beware the Ides of March!
The Ides of March was just another date on the Roman calendar until the fateful day in 44 B.C. when Julius Caesar was assassinated.
Important Ancient People
Here are my selections for the most important names in ancient history. This list excludes people whose existence is disputed by most classical scholars.
Plato
What you should know about the Greek philosopher Plato.
Persephone
Persephone. Greek goddess Persephone.
Aristotle Quotes
A list of Aristotle quotes. Quotations attributed to Aristotle.
Caesar and the Triumvirate
Julius Caesar and his rise to power in the Roman Republic and the relationship between Caesar and Sulla. Also, Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus as the First Triumvirate.
Horatius at the Bridge
Horatius at the Bridge poem by Lord Macaulay: lars porsena thomas babington macaulay horatius at the bridge clusium southern sky
Hebrew and Biblical Names
It's important to know the meaning and significance of Biblical and Hebrew names before you give one to your child. Here are resources especially for people in the process of finding a name for their newborn.
Anubis
Anubis - Egyptian God Anubis
Babylonian Gods and Goddesses
Babylonian Gods and Goddesses
Athena's Symbols
A listing of Athena's symbols.
3 Branches of Government
The Roman Republican form of government had three branches, the consul, the senate, and the assembly, and these three branches of Republican Rome meant that there were elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy in the Roman Republican form of government.
Gods Place Index
List of ancient gods and goddesses by Culture.
Egyptian Foods
Here are the basic foods the ancient Egyptians ate.
Titans
The Titans of Greek mythology were the twelve children of Gaia and Uranus.
Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
Basic information on the main gods and goddesses in Egyptian mythology.
Greek Government
Ancient Greek government varied from place to place and time to time.
The Trojan War
A description of the sequence of major events of the Trojan War and Homer's 'Iliad', starting with the theft by Paris of Helen of Troy.
Thumbs Up
The editor of a gladiatorial match decided who lived and who died in the arena, although he usually paid some attention to the cries of the crowds and the gestures for mercy of the gladiators.
Who Were the Etruscans?
A look at the possible identity of the Etruscans.
Greece vs. Rome
Some basic comparisons between ancient Rome and ancient Greece, more specifically, ancient Athens.
The Story of Persephone
Demeter, betrayed by her brothers Zeus, Hades, and Poseidon, loses her daughter Persephone. While Demeter goddess of grain mourns the loss of Persephone, she makes sure all mankind suffers with her.
The Archangels
The names of the seven archangels vary somewhat.
Alexander the Great
Facts about Alexander the Great.
Prometheus
Introduction to Greek Mythology. The importance of Prometheus the fire-bringer and benefactor of mankind.
Paul of Tarsus
Paul of Tarsus was a Jew who had Roman citizenship and tried to stamp out Christianity until he had a vision on the Road to Damascus.
Hermes
Fast facts about the Olympian god Hermes.
Four Humors
The Hippocratic corpus made an advance on earlier medicine although its methods may now seem barbaric. Here is a look at the major terms connected with the Hippocratic method and especially the medical use of the theory of the four humors.
Ancient China Photos
Religions in ancient China.
Homer
Homer is the most important figure in the literature of the Greeks and Romans, and one of the most important writers in the history of the world.
Peloponnesian War Causes
A look at the causes and sequences of events leading up to the Peloponnesian War.
Odyssey Paintings
Odysseus has been warned about the Sirens and knows that they are dangerous, so his men put wax in their ears, but Odysseus is tied to a mast.
Ancient Warriors
List of the greatest warriors in the ancient world.
Norse Gods and Goddesses
Short notes on individual Norse gods and goddesses in Norse mythology.
Myths Featuring Hades
Myths about the Greek god Hades involving Heracles (Hercules), Persephone, and Theseus.
Apollo God Symbols
A listing of the symbols of Apollo the god.
Why Study Latin?
Why Your Kids Should Learn Latin. If you want the best for your kids, if you want them to do well on their SATs and if you want them to understand English grammar, teach them Latin.
Cleopatra Queen of Egypt
The name Cleopatra Queen of Egypt has often been used to mean a seductive beautiful woman, but Cleopatra may not have been beautiful at all.
Persian Wars
Timeline of the battles and chronology of the Persian Wars between Greece and Darius and Xerxes of Persia.
Beautiful Ancient Women
Here are my choices for the most beautiful ancient women.
Ancient History Timeline
Time line of major events in the ancient history of the world. Most dates and events on the ancient history timeline are of political importance.
Nymphs
Names and categories of nymphs in Greek mythology.
Norse Thunder God
Basics on the Norse Thunder God Thor.
Strong Women in the Bible FAQs
The Holy Bible, in both Jewish and Christian versions, makes it clear that men were the bosses in most biblical settings. However, the answers to some frequently asked questions show that there were strong women in the Bible who stood out all the more because they surmounted or circumvented the patriarchy in which they lived. Some of these women are Deborah, Jezebel, Tamar, Ruth and Naomi.
Hercules' Death
Hercules didn't have an easy life, so you shouldn't be surprised to learn how difficult it was for him to die. Learn about his death and what came next.
Gladiator Weapons
What armor and weapons the gladiators used for fighting.
Xerxes the Great
Xerxes was a king of the Medes and Persians, who fought against the Ancient Greeks in the Persian Wars.
Greek Mythology
Greek mythology is one of the most fascinating and colorful topics connected with the ancient world. Here is an introduction to the mythology and gods and goddesses who still play a part in today's world.
Latin Verb Tenses
Latin tenses for Latin verbs in the Indicative.
Spartan Government
Aristotle describes the mixed government of ancient Sparta.
Hestia
Hestia Greek goddess of the hearth.
Good Emperors
After the period of the 12 Caesars came a time when Rome was ruled by five good emperors in a row.
Coins of the 12 Caesars
Thes Suetonius-based list includes Julius Caesar and the first 11 emperors of Rome, from the Julio-Claudians through the Flavians.
Helen of Troy
Learn about Helen of Troy, the woman known for starting the Trojan War.
Theseus and the Minotaur
Hawthorne Tells the Greek Myth of Theseus and the Minotaur.
Moses Basket
As a baby, Moses wasn't exposed, but he was stuck in a basket and set adrift amid the bulrushes. Read why and what happened next.
Hercules Parents
Who were the parents of Hercules?
Roman Terms Glossary
An A to Z glossary of Roman terms.
Atlantis
Atlantis is a story from Plato's Timaeus.
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Marathon in the Persian Wars 490 was an important moment for the victorious Athenians, renowned today more for a legendary marathon runner than the battle itself.
Philosophers Timeline
Timeline of Greek and Roman Philosophers.
Justinian
Justinian was a Roman or Byzantine Emperor.
Swastika
The swastika is actually an ancient symbol, but its origin is unclear, as these forum posters explain.
Buddha
Siddharta Gautama is the Buddha.
Wisdom of Solomon
The Biblical passage showing the classical example of the wisdom of Solomon.
Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty of ancient China was the first dynasty in Chinese history with both archaeological and documentary (written centuries later) evidence.
Maps of Rome and the Roman Empire
Rome spread from a single settlement on the Tiber. First it spread to the surrounding territory, then all of Italy, and then most of western Europe, north Africa, Greece, and Asia Minor.
Epiphany and the Magi
The names of the magi or three wisemen who visited the Christ child.
Greek Theater
Important Facts About the Greek Theater and Greek Drama
Cyclops
The Cyclops were represented as one-eyed giants in Greek mythology.
Ancient Maps
Learn your way around the ancient world by following these maps. Notice that modern borders separating countries and even continents are mostly very different.
Bathsheba and David - Bathsheb
Bathsheba was King David's most famous wife because they committed adultery before they were married. David tried to cover up their affair after Bathsheba became pregnant, and David succeeded in getting her husband Uriah killed. Although the child they conceived during their affair died, David and Bathsheba had another son, Solomon, who was David's successor.
Roman Baths and Hygiene
Roman Baths and Hygiene in Ancient Rome. Hygiene in ancient Rome included baths, toiletss, cleansers, access to facilities, and high standards of cleanliness.
Ares - Greek War God Ares
In Greek Mythology, Ares is the god of war. Ares is known as Mars by the Romans.

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