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Smallpox, Exodus, and Troy
by Tom Slattery
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How I Found an Ancient Smallpox Pandemic

Something Pretty Awful Happened
In the twelfth century BC, something happened that initiated a long, deep dark age, probably the longest and deepest dark age known to history. Some of the books that I was going through in the open stacks of a university library offered up conjectures like barbarians with new iron weapons overthrowing ancient empires, or Viking-like Sea Peoples raiders destroying them. But the Bronze Age lasted years after this and genuinely useful iron was centuries into the future. And some ancient imperial capitals, like that of the Hittites, were too far inland for Viking-like sea raiders to topple. I puzzled over incongruities like this for years and kept going through books.

Then I came across a book on a variety of ancient mummies from all over the world. And in it was a photograph of the pharaoh Rameses V, who died, according to one of the two main Egyptian chronologies, in 1154 B.C., smack-dab in the middle of the catastrophic 12th century B.C. The photograph showed mummified blisters.

New ideas often seem easy and obvious after they are known. They come easily to our human minds, but they do not come all that easily. If they did, we might have had automobiles, parking lots, traffic signals, noxious exhaust fumes, road rage, traffic deaths, global warming, and other nice things maybe a million years ago.

My new idea of a smallpox pandemic wiping out the Old World civilization of the Bronze Age seemed convincing. But what might there be besides the mummified skin of Rameses V? Well, it turned out that there was very little else. I went back through things, and there was nothing in conventional history of archaeology to suggest a civilization-ending smallpox pandemic in the 12th century B.C.

But this search took me to biblical references. The religion-oriented stories in the Old Testament are not the best historical sources, but fragments of history have clearly been preserved in them. However, there's a problem of dating. History needs dates. When might the Exodus have taken place? When might the fall of Jericho have occurred?

Next page > Solar evidence for Smallpox > Page 1, 2

This resource page is copyright © 2001-2002 Tom Slattery.

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Ancient / Classical History

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