Comparisons Between English and Latin: In Latin, it is not necessary to use articles, but it is necessary for adjectives to agree with the nouns they describe. The opposite is true in English. Word order is crucial for English, but not so much in Latin. Latin has more noun cases than English, where cases are visible mostly on pronouns, and nouns in Latin also have gender, which English lacks. The alphabet is almost the same, but there are differences worth noting:
Latin Pronouns: Intensive pronouns translate into English with "-self" as in I myself. Demonstrative pronouns are "this" and "that," including a contemptuous form. Personal pronouns are the ones we usually think of as pronouns, the I, you, he, she, it, etc.
Interjections: Interjections are words thrown in, either alone or in a sentence, but without a grammatical connection. English and Latin have interjections.
Prepositions: Prepositions tend to specify relationships or directions.
Latin Verbs: Learning the paradigms of the Latin verbs is one of the most time-consuming parts of learning the language. Verbs in Latin paradigms are conjugated. There are 4 basic conjugations plus variations. Verbs have moods, like the subjunctive, and tenses, which relate to the time of the action.
Conjunctions: Conjunctions are often small words whose job is to join items together.
Latin Nouns: There are 5 declensions in Latin, which means 5 sets of endings to become familiar with. So much is fairly straightforward. What is most confusing to us is the use of cases, since English has very limited cases mostly visible on our pronouns.
Adjectives: Adjectives have to agree with the nouns the modify. As such they, too, are declined.
